Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(S) Biological Sciences (Biology) Title of Project: Dissection of Mammalian Biological Clock System at a Molecular Level

نویسنده

  • Yoshitaka Fukada
چکیده

Research Area Basic Biology Keyword Biological clock, circadian rhythm, signal transduction, neuroscience, photobiology Purpose and Background of the Research Most living organisms show a variety of rhythms by virtue of having an intrinsic time-measuring system, called circadian clock, which can be entrained to daily variation of the environmental conditions such as light-dark cycle. In mammals, the central clock system resides in the hypothalamic suprachismatic nucleus, and dysfunction of the central clock leads to mental diseases such as bipolar disorder and to instability of memory and emotion, suggesting that output signals from the central clock play unraveled roles in maintenance of brain functions. On the other hand, the light input pathway to the central clock plays a major role for its entrainment. The mammalian clock system employs intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, together with rod and cone visual cells, as the photoreceptors. The molecular mechanism of how the light signals captured in those cells are converted to phase shifting signals remains to be elucidated. Lastly, the core oscillating machinery in the circadian clock involves a number of clock genes and their encoded proteins, which generate a molecular oscillation with a transcription/translation-based feedback regulation. A key question is the mechanism of how these clock genes and proteins generate the very slow and stable molecular oscillation with a period of approx. 24 hours. The goal of this study is to understand the molecular and neuronal mechanisms that underlie the circadian clock function with its input and output regulation.

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تاریخ انتشار 2013